Free Essays on “From The Beatles To Biggie And Dylan To Diddy”

After some time music has changed radically. Styles and sorts, the manner in which individuals really make and hear it out, and how it influences the current patterns in design and sexuality have all gotten very assorted. Individuals conceived in the mid 40’s through the 50’s most likely tuned in to or have in any event known about craftsmen like The Beatles and Bob Dylan. These names run equal in regard to prevalence to rappers like Christopher Wallace (Biggie Smalls/The Notorious B.I.G.) and Sean Combs (P. Diddy/Puff Daddy) presently. â€Å"My most loved music consistently appeared to be rock that I heard in the mid to late 60's and the 70's. I'm a babyboomer conceived in 1951, so that was the music I grew up with. I'm certain the vast majority my age can recollect where they were the point at which the Beatles initially played on the Ed Sullivan Show. The Beatles were top picks for some youngsters during that period in time (Near).† Most individuals that experienced childhood in the person born after WW2 age tuned in to generally awesome music. Well known craftsmen incorporated The Rolling Stones, Jimi Hendrix, and Elvis Presley. Additionally, the vast majority that experienced childhood in the person born after WW2 time may have begun tuning in to a more extensive assortment of rock, however haven’t truly extended their tuning in to different sorts, for example, rap or wilderness. â€Å"It has its place as elective class, however doesn’t have enough inconstancy (Sefcik, Steve),† was the remark that I got when I asked my father what his assessment on different sorts of music, for example, electronic or rap. Additionally, my mother said that she wasn’t wild abo ut different sorts of music (Sefcik, Terry). Then again she tunes in to generally people music and extended to blues and country in her youngsters, which shows that not every person that was inhabiting the time was fixated on just awesome. Music additionally impacts the manner in which individuals mingle and the other way around society (companions, family, radio broadcasts, and so on.) impacts how and what individuals tune in to, particularly when they’re youthful. For example on the off chance that somebody basically like... Free Essays on â€Å"From The Beatles To Biggie And Dylan To Diddy† Free Essays on â€Å"From The Beatles To Biggie And Dylan To Diddy† After some time music has changed definitely. Styles and kinds, the manner in which individuals really make and hear it out, and how it influences the current patterns in design and sexuality have all gotten very various. Individuals conceived in the mid 40’s through the 50’s presumably tuned in to or have in any event known about specialists like The Beatles and Bob Dylan. These names run equal in regard to prominence to rappers like Christopher Wallace (Biggie Smalls/The Notorious B.I.G.) and Sean Combs (P. Diddy/Puff Daddy) presently. â€Å"My most loved music consistently appeared to be rock that I heard in the mid to late 60's and the 70's. I'm a babyboomer conceived in 1951, so that was the music I grew up with. I'm certain a great many people my age can recall where they were the point at which the Beatles previously played on the Ed Sullivan Show. The Beatles were top choices for some youngsters during that period in time (Near).† Most individuals that experienced childhood in the person born after WW2 age tuned in to generally awesome music. Well known craftsmen incorporated The Rolling Stones, Jimi Hendrix, and Elvis Presley. Additionally, a great many people that experienced childhood in the gen X-er time may have begun tuning in to a more extensive assortment of rock, however haven’t truly extended their tuning in to different sorts, for example, rap or wilderness. â€Å"It has its place as elective classification, however doesn’t have enough fluctuation (Sefcik, Steve),† was the remark that I got when I asked my father what his assessment on different sorts of music, for example, electronic or rap. So also, my mother said that she wasn’t obsessed with different kinds of music (Sefcik, Terry). Then again she tunes in to generally society music and extended to blues and twang in her adolescents, which shows that not every person that was inhabiting the time was fixated on just awesome. Music additionally impacts the manner in which individuals mingle and the other way around society (companions, family, radio broadcasts, and so on.) impacts how and what individuals tune in to, particularly when they’re youthful. For example on the off chance that somebody principally like...

Globalisation & Liberalisation

As indicated by Herman E Daly, Globalization serves the villous of a solitary, cosmopolitan, incorporated worldwide economy. This definition centers around the cross fringe development of products, administrations and assets (monetary and human) affecting on the household and worldwide resources and work. Globalization, in this manner centers around a coordinated monetary world in which the economy is a solitary market portrayed in terms of professional career and Investment streams, cross fringe financial exercises underway, Investment financing, development of capital, innovation, work, Internationalization of utilization, capital, and services.Economic freedom's is the entryway of globalization and budgetary freedom assumes the most urgent job in joining of one neutron economy on the worldwide monetary system. Nonetheless, frequently the term freedom's and globalization are utilized all the while. Significant instruments of freedom's are guideline of monetary market to permit remo te capital, outside venture, forward and backward progression of capital and so forth. Decrease of duty and non-tax boundaries of exchange, improvements of customs estimates etc.For fruitful worldwide Integration a nation must move to monetary changing by disassembling section hindrances and Licensing framework, decrease in physical limitations on imports, decrease in charge n capital and current record, transforming money related framework and opening up budgetary market to private (residential and remote) players, evacuating controls on outside capital (FDA and portfolio) stream to the nation and so forth. Globalization in any case, Is not another wonders of the present world activities.Economic students of history have followed two in number influxes of globalization. The main flood of globalization spread more than 1 870 †1914 while the second rush of globalization started generally in 1960 and proceeding. The present rush of globalization is a lot quicker and more profound . Globalization today is on a very basic level another monetary marvel, and a procedure to set up another financial request internationally expanded reconciliation and Interdependence of creation, utilization and administrations. The current rush of feasts †Volvo.V Issue 1, January 2005 Globalization and Life Insurance gallstones NAS slantingly Innocence Improved hypothesis In asset portion, efficiency upgrade and specialization and more noteworthy development, flexibility and usage of innovation which has required the requirement for cross fringe financial action for all the nations. Asset versatility has not just diminished the expense of creation and circulation yet additionally helped rivalry over the order.Drivers of Globalization The current influx of globalization has been essentially impacted by propels in data and PC innovation, expanded progression of exchange and capital. Improved specialization in asset allotment, profitability upgrade and specialization and more no teworthy advancement, versatility and usage of innovation which has required the requirement for cross fringe monetary action for all the nations. These have not just scaled down the expense of creation and appropriation yet in addition supported rivalry over the border.Therefore significant drivers of globalization are development of International Trade, Internationalization of Financial Market and Migration, Baldwin and Martin (1999) watched key parts of globalization to be specific Trade, venture, relocation and Factor costs , Capital streams and Markets, and Industrialization and Income Convergence and Divergence. The two floods of globalization were driven by radical decrease in specialized and approach boundaries to worldwide transactions†¦. Be that as it may, the uniqueness in ongoing globalization is intensely molded by the emotional decrease in interchanges cost, what is now and again alluded to as the demise of distance'.Financial Globalization Advancement in data inn ovation, development in budgetary items, and increment in exchange and administrations gave lift to the cross outskirt stream of capital. Capital Mobility is considered as a marker of budgetary combination. Other marker being horrible supplies of remote resources and liabilities. We will talk about this in detail the area Financial Globalization The procedure of Globalization is emphatically bolstered by Financial Globalization.There is an inseparable connection between expanded worldwide exchange products and ventures and the expanded progression of universal UAPITA. It is on the grounds that expanded exchange is trailed by increment in installments, banking administration, supporting and so forth. Securities exchanges, as we have noted first and foremost, has supplanted the job of Banking, all things considered, as an agent to corporate and improvement reserves. Securities exchanges, in an all inclusive coordinated money related market encourage chance sharing, improve effectivene ss of asset assignment, sway investment funds choices and give liquidity in this manner supporting quicker monetary growth.Globally incorporated financial exchanges encourages financial development in a few different ways to be specific : Banquets †Volvo. V Issue 1, January 2005 021 Improve a lot of name smoothly In ten market Prove reasonable asset designation possibilities Create a situation for stream of investment funds therefore diminishing vulnerability of capital in the market Reduce hazards through worldwide broadening Liberalized and universally coordinated securities exchanges in this manner help financial development. Advantages of Financial Globalization Liberation's and globalization produces colossal advantages to the nations integrated.Liberation's makes favorable atmosphere for quicker monetary development, permits redesigning of innovation, gives scale economy, extension of business sectors locally and universally. Monetary mix through freedom's can likewise gr ow Job openings in household showcase and through relocation of work all in all. Money related Globalization produces higher monetary development through immediate and roundabout effect on economy . Freedom's and globalization produce colossal advantages to the nations integrated.Liberation's makes helpful atmosphere for quicker financial development, permits updating of innovation, gives scale economy, extension of business sectors locally and universally. Financial combination through freedom's can likewise extend Job openings in local market and through gyration of work all in all. In any case, freedom's of monetary markets gives development creating openings including the accompanying. By empowering FDA, creating economies can import truly necessary innovation, which would additionally produce overflows for neighborhood firms.Saggy (2002) referenced three sorts of potential channels of overflows, to be specific Demonstration Effect, (nearby firms embracing global presented advan cements), work turnover switchover of prepared works to nearby firms (empowering innovation dispersion) and vertical linkages (multinationals providing innovation to providers of middle of the road merchandise). Worldwide Financial reconciliation enlarge a lot of required local sparing and lift up capital interest in speculation starved nations. It likewise gives roads to better distribution of capital and limits risk.Further, capital stream is joined by move of innovation lastly helps with advancing solid capital market. Roundabout impacts of globalization incorporate advancement of globalization and reconciliation of local economies which is trailed by improving the large scale monetary approach outline work and setting up financial establishments and better administration framework. Money related Liberation's has constrained numerous nations to open up monetary markets and loosened up the principles of intermediation permitting budgetary administrations organizations like specula tion banks, resource the executives organizations, Mutual Funds, Pension Funds and so forth. To work in recently changed markets. The powers of progress released by monetary globalization, reenacted In Electroplating AT Dangling framework, Increase In cross fringe budgetary movement expanded rivalry in investment funds advertise union in money related administrations industry. B. Globalization of Insurance Market Insurance is an indispensable piece of national economy and a solid mainstay of money related capture. In this way, influxes of globalization have additionally profoundly affected the protection showcase around the world. Budgetary Market Globalization has likewise been firmly bolstered by Globalization of Insurance.With the expansion in Trade, Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment, there has been a consistently developing interest for Insurance benefits especially in the developing markets. Globalization of Insurance showcase, as a piece of the general procedure of ch anging in developing and different nations empowered the outside insurance agencies to enter in those nations and profited both. The riving powers of protection showcase globalization has been recognized by Swiss Re (Sigma No. 4/2000) as the ‘push variables' and ‘Pull Factors'.The Push factors are the thought processes behind the development of outside insurance agencies while the draw factors are the intentions behind permitting the remote organizations to work in nearby market, l) Push factors : Insurance Companies move out to developing markets because of Increasing Global Trade , Growing Direct Investment , Potential Future Growth in Emerging Markets , Saturation in industrialized nations and Strong development in rising sections and expected Efficiency Gains through Diversification , Economics of scale and so on it) Pull Factors : The significant force factors in developing markets †Emerging Markets have Strong Economic development and Trade, and there are cons iderable prerequisites of capital in Emerging Markets to cover significant dangers. There are a few advantages to the nations permitting outside insurance agencies to work in their nations which can be comprehensively grouped into Economy related, and Insurance checked related Economy related advantages to the neighborhood nation : Foreign insurance agencies alongside nearby organizations add further force to commitment of investment funds. Institutional net work in the investment funds showcase expands, which additionally impact the reserve funds conduct of family and corporate savings.Resources and capita

Resumes and LinkedIn for Relaunchers The Essay Expert Interviewed on BlogTalkRadio

Resumes and LinkedIn for Relaunchers The Essay Expert Interviewed on BlogTalkRadio I was interviewed about resumes and LinkedIn topics on March 22, 2011 by LeeAnn Dance. Her project, Back In Force Productions, is a blog and radio show for stay-at-home parents reentering the workforce. For your listening pleasure! The interview is full of great tips not just for relaunchers but also for any job seeker. Find out about how long your resume should be; whether to include dates; and what the current trends are for the Objective statement (or not). And learn some absolute musts for your LinkedIn profile. This is my first experience embedding a BTR player into a blog post. Check it out! Listen to internet radio with Back in Force on Blog Talk Radio

A fast-growing area of crime - cybercrime - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1769 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Cyber Crime Essay Did you like this example? Cyber-crime is a fast-growing area of crime, with more criminals exploiting the convenience, speed and anonymity of the Internet in committing different criminal activities without either physical or virtual boarders, and causing harm and significant threats to small businesses, corporations and government agencies. In recent times, our society is increasingly relying on the internet and other information technology tools to engage in personal communication and conduct business activities among other several benefits. While these developments allow for enormous gain in productivity, Crime has remained elusive and ever strives to disguise in the face of development and it is certain that a nation with high crime incidence cannot grow or develop because crime is the direct opposite of development, which leaves a negative social and economic consequence. In the past, cyber-crimes were mostly committed by individuals or small groups. Today, highly complex cybercriminal networks bring together individuals from across the globe in real time to commit crimes in an unprecedented scale. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A fast-growing area of crime cybercrime" essay for you Create order Cybercrimes are growing and evolving crime that is taking place all over the world, it is described as new ways of committing familiar crimes of different kinds involving; economic crime, intellectual property infringement, identity theft and privacy violation. The common feature in cyber-crime is the use of information technology in its commission. This research analyses the effect of cyber-crime incidents in Nigeria. Keywords/Phrases: Cyber- crime, Anonymity, Criminal activities, Identity theft, Privacy violation, Information technology. INTRODUCTION Information technology can be referred to as the study, design, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems. The internet technology has changed the way people think about the world. It has enhanced communication, thereby promoting global businesses. With the advancement of technology, there has also been an increased growth in computer-based crimes resulting from the action of fraudsters. Cybercrime is a new trend that is gradually growing as the internet continues to penetrate every sector of our society and no one can predict its future. Cyber-crimes are cyber enabled crimes which could be financial crimes, stolen identity, privacy violation and advanced high- tech crimes which are usually sophisticated attacks against computer software and hardware. Cyber related crime is on the increase as the internet has become vital to commerce, governance and entertainment. With the adoption of internet in the Nigeria, occurrences and effects of cybercrime were felt and continue to be felt on a large scale. The infrastructure used by cyber criminals are computers, communications and network technologies. PROBLEM STATEMENT The purpose of this research is to examines the negative effects of the technological advancements, focusing on the effect Cyber-Crime Incidents on Information Technology and Business in Nigeria. Cybercrime manifest in various ways such as loss of life, loss of dignity and loss of employment. The impact of cybercrime is not only limited to the victim; but also affect the society. The consequences of cybercrime on the economy to include loss of revenue, wasted time, damaged the reputation and reduced productivity among others. This research would also examine cyber related incidents with the intent of mitigating the risk associated with cyber related activities for individuals, businesses and government. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Cybercrime has been an eluding factor in the cyberspace transactions in Nigeria, where cybercrimes and computer related crimes are rampant. The integration of computer technology as a global issue, the economy of most nations in the world is accessible using Information communication and technology and at stake. Cyber-crime incidents are on the increase globally as hackers continually refine their skills while consumers remain complacent, there is therefore a need to educate users of the cyber space of the inherent dangers and how they can protect themselves REVIEW OF LITERATURE The concept of cybercrime is historical. It was revealed that the first published report of cybercrime occurred on the mainframe computer in the 1960s. Cybercrime was defined as a type of crime committed by criminals who make use of a computer as a tool and the internet as a connection in order to reach a variety of objectives such as illegal downloading of music files and films, piracy, spam mailing and the likes. Cybercrime evolves from the wrong application or abuse of internet services (Maitanmi, 2013). According to (Lakshmi, 2015) as at 2003, the United States and South-Korea have the highest cyber-attacks of 35.4% and 12.8% respectively. With the population of Nigeria placed at 160 million from the last census carried out in 2006, a recent statistic revealed that about 28.9% have access to the internet (Hassan, 2012). It is proven that 39.6% African users of internet are actually Nigerian, hence, the high increase in the rate of internet crime in Nigeria (Hassan, 2012). Presently, cybercrimes are performed by people of all ages ranging from young to old, but in most instances the young. Presently, cybercrimes are performed by people of all ages ranging from young to old, but in most instances the young. Cyber- crime according to Saini et al (2012) is said to be an act committed or omitted in violation of a law forbidding or commanding it and for which punishment is imposed upon the conviction of the crime. Cyber- crime is also criminal activity directly related to the use of computers, specifically illegal trespass into computer system or database of someone else, manipulation or and theft of stored and on-line data and the sabotage of data, computer and network equipment (Saini, et al., 2012). According to Saini, et al., (2012), cyber sciences ensures a collection of computing-based disciplines that involves technology, people, and processes aligned in a way that enables assured operations in the presence of risks and adversaries. It involves creating, operating, analyzing, and testing of secured computer systems and the study of how to employ operations, reasonable risk taking, and risk mitigations. The internet has helped to improve the performance factor, the term Internet is defined as the collection of computers that provides a network of electronic connections between different computers. There are lots of computers connected to the internet. With the benefits of the use of Internet comes with cyber-crime which is associated with the use of the internet (Saini, Rao, Panda, 2012). CAUSES OF CYBERCRIMES IN NIGERIA According to Hassan, 2012. The following are some of the causes of cybercrime in Nigeria. High unemployment rate is one of the major causes of Cybercrime in Nigeria. Statistics has shown that over 20 million graduates in the country do not have gainful employment. This has automatically increased the rate at which they take part in criminal activities for their survival. b. Quest for Wealth is another cause of cybercrime in Nigeria. Youths of nowadays are very greedy, they are not ready to start small hence they strive to level up with their rich counterparts by engaging in cybercrimes. c. harsh economic conditions, and poor educational system. d. Lack of strong Cyber Crime Laws also encourages the perpetrators to commit more crime knowing that they can always go scot free. e. Incompetent security on personal computers. Some personal computers do not have proper or competent security controls, it is prone to criminal activities hence the information on it can be stolen. Therefore, go vernment must ensure that cybercrime laws are formulated and strictly adhered to such laws so that criminals will not go unpunished and individuals should observe simple rules of safeguarding the computer system by installing antivirus protection and update it often. CYBERCRIMES IN THE BANKING SECTOR: In Nigeria, the banking sector depend mainly on the internet for business survival. Presently, banks all over the world are taking advantage and incorporating opportunities brought about by e-banking which is believed to have started in the early 1980s (Shandilya, 2011). As this sector build stronger security level, these fraudsters also increase their strength and tactics. Several profitable attacks have been launched and unfortunately, many have succeeded. In general, cybercriminals execute fraudulent activities with the ultimate goal of accessing a users bank account to either steal or/and transfer funds to another bank account without legal authorization. However, there are cases of disgruntled employees causing physical damage to their personal computers, with the aim to get back at their superiors and organization, the intention of cybercriminals is to cause damage to the reputation of the bank by denying service to users and sabotaging data in computer networks of organization s (Parthiban, 2014). Bank Verification Number (BVN) Scams: The BVN is a biometric identification system, which consists of an 11-digit number that acts as a universal ID across all the banks in Nigeria. BVN was implemented in 2015 by the Central Bank of Nigeria. It was introduced to link various accounts to the owner thereby ensuring that fraudulent activities are reduced. For fraudsters, opportunities to extort money and to carry out other fraudulent activities arose from the implementation of the BVN. It was discovered that fake and unauthorized text messages and phone calls were sent to many users demanding for personal information such as BVN numbers and account details. In addition, phishing sites were created to acquire such information for insalubrious activities on the bank account. Phishing: Phishing is simply the theft of an identity. It involves stealing personal information from unsuspecting users and it is also an act of fraud against the authentic, authorized businesses and financial institutions that are victimized (Wada, 2014). Theft of Bank Cards: The theft of bank cards has evolved from the physical theft of the card to simply the theft of the numbers. Today, bank card hackers do not need to be in the same country to steal other peoples identities. Fraudsters make use of hidden cameras to record ATM card pins and numbers in distinct places such as an eatery payment using POS, or at the ATM. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a method known as ATM skimming can be used and it involves placing an electronic device on an ATM that scoops information from a bank cards magnetic strip whenever a customer uses the machine (FBI, 2011). Also, another cybercrime carried out via this means in Nigeria includes internet order fraud. Internet order frauds involves fraudster inputting stolen cards numbers on online commercial sites to order goods. Credit card numbers or ATM numbers can be stolen by hackers when users type the credit card number into the Internet page of the seller for online transacti on. Different applications can be used to retrieve this information such as key loggers at cybercaf? ©s or cloned websites. Cyber-theft / Banking Fraud: Hackers target the vulnerabilities in the security of various bank systems and transfer money from innumerable accounts to theirs. Most cybercriminals transfer small amounts like 5 naira which are sometimes ignored without raising questions with assumption that it was either SMS or ATM withdrawal charges. Doing this for over a million accounts enriches most fraudsters.

Inclusive Instructional Practices Essay - 2829 Words

Inclusion is not a new idea, but has been rapidly gaining momentum within many disciplines internationally. Inclusive education is a term often associated with Special education, and children with additional needs. However, inclusive education is about ensuring that educational settings allow for meaningful participation by all learners. Each child has their own unique identity, ways of doing things, strengths and weaknesses. Ministry of Education [MoE] (1998) states that teachers â€Å"should recognise that as all students are individuals, their learning may call for different approaches, different resourcing, and different goals† (p. 39, emphasis added). This statement shows that all children may require differing approaches in†¦show more content†¦This means that additional support measures must be in place to enable children to reach their milestones, educational goals, and to form and maintain social relationships with their peers (Sandall Schwartz, 2002). Uditsky (1993) adds to this by suggesting that the child with additional needs moves through their education with their peers. Inclusion allows all children to be challenged to an appropriate level for each individual, providing support and extension where needed (Stainback Stainback, 1996). Booth Ainscow (2002) sum up the meaning of inclusion well, stating that inclusion â€Å"involves restructuring the cultures, policies and practices in schools so that they respond to the diversity of students† (p. 12). This includes teaching and assessment practices, as outlined by the New Zealand Curriculum. It states that learners with â€Å"special needs are given quality learning experiences that enable them to achieve, and students with special abilities and talents are given opportunities to work beyond formally described objectives† (MoE, 2007, p. 39). It is legislated by the Treaty of Waitangi, the Human Rights Act 1993, the Privacy Act 1993, the Education Act 1989, the National Education Guidelines, Te WhÄ riki, and the New Zealand Curriculum that learners with additional needs are to be provided for within the early childhood and school sectors (MoE, 1995). The Ministry of Education (2000) has outlined seven principles of inclusion, whichShow MoreRelatedTeacher Training Of Assistive Instructional Technology939 Words   |  4 PagesTeacher training in assistive instructional technology (AIT) has been a topic of discussion that has heightened with the drive for differentiated instruction. Although, research has been extensively conducted on pre-service training, not much research has indicated the success of teacher training in assistive instructional technology for in-service experienced teachers (Edyburn, 2014). In an attempt to advance the science in the field of leadership and educational administration in relationship toR ead MoreThe Role Of Teacher s Is Particularly Complex1729 Words   |  7 Pagesintellectual, cultural and behavioural differences (Ellis, 2005). This diversity heightens the need for inclusionary practices, in addition to instructional strategies, in order to meet the compelling needs of a full range of student’s attending schools (Council for Exceptional Children, 2005). According to Shaddock, MacDonald, Hook, Giorcelli and Arthur-Kelly (2009), inclusionary practices should be adopted if or when learning becomes an issue for any student who might experience barriers to learningRead MoreComparative Outcomes Of Two Instructional Models For Students With Learning Disabilities1488 Words   |  6 PagesTwo Instructional Models for Students with Learning Disabilities: Inclusion with Co-Teaching and Solo-Taught Special Education. 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Moreover, this subject may come especially difficult for students who have a learning disability. For this reason, teachers need to be able to adapt their teaching to reach all students andRead MoreThe Purpose Of The Study Was To Examine The Quality Of1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of the study was to examine the quality of the literacy environment in inclusive early childhood special education (ECSE) classroom. There was two focuses in the study. The first, was to describe the quality of the literacy environment in terms of the structure and instruction. This includes book materials, print and writing materials. The other focus was to examine the interrelationship among teacher and classroom factors and quality of the structural literacy of the literacy environmentRead MoreElementary School Reflection890 Words   |  4 PagesSTUDY OF A HIGHLY EFFECTIVE, INCLUSIVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Journal Reflection 1 Reflection of: A case study of a highly effective, inclusive elementary school. Connell Reddick Jr. Augusta University Summary: A case study of a highly effective, inclusive elementary school The study conducted at Creekside Elementary School (CES) in Florida was aimed to investigate the contributing factors which led to the success of their highly effective inclusive elementary school classroomsRead MorePurpose Of Education : How Children Interact With Their Environment, And Personal Experiences859 Words   |  4 Pagesprotecting their Rights and Responsibilities of the â€Å"American Dream† (Dewey, 1938, p.122). Instructional Methods Researchers have discussed that the instructional needs of students in inclusive classrooms can be satisfied by using collaborative efforts between general and special educators (Reynolds, Wang, Walberg, 1987; Sailor Roger, 2005; Skrtic, Harris, Shriner, 2005, Will, 1986). This instructional strategy is considered as co-teaching this eliminates the need for taking students out ofRead MoreDeveloping Instructional Practices For Students With Specific Learning Disabilities Case Study1280 Words   |  6 Pages Developing Instructional Practices for Students with Specific Learning Disabilities Student’s Name Institution Affiliation Developing Instructional Practices for Students with Specific Learning Disabilities Part One How to Support Students with Specific Learning Disabilities The research-based instructional practices for supporting students with reading, mathematics, and language disabilities in the science and social studies content areas throughout elementary school include

Man vs. Himself - 2078 Words

fulfillment is what people live for, without it how can a person live? A failed search for self-fulfillment often leads to death. Demonstrated in A Tale of Two Cites, Hamlet, and A Death of a Salesman, each novel includes one character that struggles to fulfill his life, which results in death. Self-fulfillment can include being loved, wealthy, happiness, remembered, respected, or even a being hero. Sadly if none of these objectives is met, the character seems to think death is the only way option. Nothing great will ever be achieved without great men, and men are great only if they are determined to be so as said by Charles DeGaulle, relates to each character in the three novels that they were never determined to improve their life.†¦show more content†¦Although he was the reason that Charles Darnay was able to walk free of the first trial of treason, he wasnt given any credit. Carton later with the company of Darnay at a tavern sadly says, I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me(Dickens, pg76). Also Carton describes himself in Darnays view as a dissolute dog who has never done any good, and never will.(Dickens, pg191) Once Carton realized these goals would never be achieved, he told Lucie his one love, he would sacrifice his life in order to save that of another that she loved dearly. This level of love makes the sacrifice even more valuable and brings things to closure, which he hopes will fulfill his duty in life. However this duty will result in his death, which could have been avoidable if he had been happier in life, instead of being a beat up drunk that he was. Just before Carton is beheaded, another victim in line for death tells him that she loves him for his courage and Carton is inspired this, It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.(Dickens, pg352) Carton who didnt really accomplish much in his life, led him to believe that his de ath will be the greatest thing he has ever done. This concludes that Carton saw this sacrifice as a way to make up for his unhappiness, sacrificing his lifeShow MoreRelated Man vs. Himself: Betrayal and Abandonment Shown in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman1507 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman tells the story of a man trying and failing to obtain success for him and his family. Willy Loman, a traveling salesman, has been trying to ‘make it big’ for the majority of his life. Miller’s play explores the themes of abandonment and betrayal and their effects on life’s success. Willy sees himself as being abandoned by his older brother, Ben, and constantly views his sibling’s betrayal as one that changed his prospects forever. Willy, in turn, is guilty ofRead MoreThe Most Dangerous Game Conflict Essay711 Words   |  3 PagesSome stories do not have many different conflicts in the story. For example, in â€Å"L ittle Red Riding Hood† there is only one conflict which is Man vs Wolf or Man vs Man, but in some stories like â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† there are all three conflicts throughout the book. Having more conflicts gives the story a bigger theme of suspense. In â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood†, the only conflict is getting to her grandma’s house where in â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† there are many different conflicts that give theRead MoreAnalysis of four types of conflict in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath, man versus man, man versus nature, man versus society, and man versus himself.1463 Words   |  6 Pagestypes of conflicts: man vs. himself, man vs. society, man vs. nature, and man vs. man. In the case of The Grapes of Wrath, man represents the Joad family as a single unit. They experience conflict within the family itself, with the society they are coming from as well as the one they are going to, and with nature and the elements. The man vs. man conflict is usually just a more specific example of one of the other areas of conflict. The most prevalent conflict in the novel is man vs. society. The firstRead MoreHills Like White Elephants Conflict Analysis795 Words   |  4 Pages3 main ways: man vs. man, man vs. himself, and man vs. nature. Therefore, the narrative of the short story, perceives an engagement between man vs himself and man vs. man. This initial element issues the thematic relevance of the story by alluding the actual consequences of the narrative. Presumably, the context of the short story identifies the literary conflict of man vs. man. The conception of conflict can be seen through the main characters of a girl name Jig and an American man. Evidently, theRead MoreContrast Between Oedipus the King and Antigone by Sophocles744 Words   |  3 PagesOedipus is defined as Man vs Himself. This conflict is defined as a character in conflict with him or herself. In Oedipus the King, Oedipus is fated to murder his father Laios and marry his mother Jocasta who are king and queen of Thebes. He begins the conflict with himself when he leaves Polybus and Merope (his adopted parents who he believes to be his biological parents) to prevent the prophecy from coming to fruition. He makes his way to the city of Thebes, on the way he kills a man at a crossroadsRead MoreRendition Of A Single Day1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe temperature out there was -17. Shukov’s temperature was +99† (Solzhenitsyn 23). Illness is inevitable in th e despairing weather conditions and lack of proper health care. The men begin to lose hope in living, and neglect their assigned tasks. Man vs. nature conflict signifies the recurring weather conditions the men battle through. This conflicting aspect has the most impactful effect on the Zeks because the cold temperatures and frozen precipitation weaken them, increasingly by the hour. WeatherRead MoreConflict of Opposing Forces in Of Mice and Men Essay673 Words   |  3 Pagescan be multiple conflicts in a story. This is the case in Of Mice and Men. In chapters three and four, there are man vs. man, man vs. self, and man vs. society conflicts. As George and Lennie interact with the workers on the ranch, sometimes conflicts arise between them. Man vs. man is a type of conflict in which two or more characters are pitted against each other. Candy, an old man on the ranch, has a conflict with Carlson in chapter three. Candy’s friend and long-time companion is his old dogRead MoreLord Of The Flies And The Most Dangerous Game1357 Words   |  6 Pagesstrikingly similar conflicts. By examining theMan versus Man , Man versus Nature, and Man versus Self conflicts in â€Å"Lord of the Flies† and The Most Dangerous Game, the reader will have a deeper understanding of the underlying conflicts and their impacts as they read this thorough explanation. One of the main conflicts in both â€Å"Lord of the Flies† and The Most Dangerous Game isMan versus Man. In â€Å"Lord of the Flies† the main conflict was man vs man and in The Most Dangerous Game the same conflict occurredRead MoreThe Crucible879 Words   |  4 Pageswitchcraft. This was a hard situation for the entire town because of the accusation of witchcraft toward innocent people. In The Crucible, Miller shows us several examples of themes, some interesting themes were man vs. society, man vs. man, and man vs. self-internal. For instance, the theme man vs. society was present when Abigail and the other girls were found dancing. In act I, Parris asked Abigail to tell the truth and confess that they were dancing, she responded â€Å"we did dance, uncle† (Miller pRead MoreConflict, Man Vs. Society1335 Words   |  6 Pagesare four types of conflict, man vs. man, man vs. nature, man vs. society, and man vs. himself. In the short story â€Å"The Necklace† the conflict would be described as man vs. himself, or man vs. society. The first idea that supports that statement would be when the author introduces the main character, Mathilde . He tells of how she is taunted about her shabby apartment for its dingy walls, worn-out furniture, and ugly drapes. This is not only an external conflict of man vs. society, but it fuels the

The Effect of the Prospero free essay sample

The Tempest, Shakespeare makes the reader feel sorry for Caliban and resentful of Prospero. Even before Caliban appears on the stage, he is portrayed by Prospero as being a deformed and bestial being. Prospero creates this through his mistreatment of Caliban and his protrayal of Caliban as an animal. However, Shakespeare does give Caliban a voice. Everytime Prospero attempts to suppress him, Caliban is always able to fight back with arguments. One thing that Caliban and Prospero share in common is that others have exercised authority over them; Antonio over Prospero and Prospero over Caliban. The relationship between Prospero and Caliban suggests that the birth of colonialism was not only due to the exploitative attitudes of the colonizer, but is partly due to the dependency of the natives on the superior others. The Prospero-Caliban relationship resembles Cesaire’s argument about how colonization dehumanizes both the colonizer and the colony. To Prospero, Caliban is like an animal that he could rack with cramps, fill his bone with cramps as well as make him â€Å"roar† that shall make the beasts tremble if he does not obey Prospero’s commands (Shakespeare, I, 2, 369-371). We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of the Prospero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Here, both the savage treatments and the verb ‘roar’ reflect Prospero’s bestial view of Caliban’s being, embodying Cesaire’s argument about how colonization makes the colonizer get into the habit of seeing and treating other men as animals (Cesaire, p. 41). At the same time, as Cesaire said and as I will argue below, colonization also objectively transforms the colonizer into an animal. If we go back to Caliban’s story of how he first met Prospero and Miranda, we would agree that at the beginning Caliban and Prospero had a relationship similar to father and son. Caliban used to love him and appreciate what he had taught him; â€Å"he (Prospero) made much of me.. Teach me how to name the bigger light.. † (Shakespeare, I, 2, 333 and 335). Caliban had come to trust him so much that he then revealed the richness of the island to Prospero. Heartlessly, Prospero repays all that with persecution. Not only his treatment of Caliban resembles his inhumane personality but even Miranda, his own daughter, is often silenced by Prospero. Although he loves her so much and she is one of his most precious treasures, Prospero does suppress her voice throughout the play. Another example that shows Prospero’s dehumanized characteristic is his mistreatment of Ferdinand. He enslaves Ferdinand and portrays him as a bestial being just like Caliban. Prospero’s ambition to take over the land from Caliban turns him into a ruthless person and the way he treats Caliban, Miranda, and Ferdinan resembles his dehumanized personality. Colonialism not only accustoms the colonizers to see and treat the other men as animals, but it unconsciously transforms them into animals themselves. The way Shakespeare describes Caliban as savage, bestial, deformed, â€Å"howling monster† (Shakespeare, II, 2, 188), â€Å"moon-calf† (Shakespeare, II, 2, 111-112), â€Å"poisonous slave† (Shakespeare, I, 2, 318), â€Å"a born devil† (Shakespeare, IV, 189), and moreover the way Prospero ruthlessly treats him promotes the idea of dehumanization of the colonies. Nonetheless, The Tempest is ambivalent in promoting the idea of colonial enterprise. Caliban’s sufferings encourage the reader to sympathize with him, but that is true only at the beginning of the play. Towards the end, Caliban starts to enslave himself. He decides to make Sebastian his master to replace Prospero. He even declares himself a slave, â€Å"For aye thy footlicker† (Shakespeare, IV, 1, 219) and more surprisingly he refuses to be freed by Prospero at the end of the play. This strongly implies that Shakespeare represents Caliban as a dependent being; giving him the option to live independently yet having him choose to follow and serve Prospero instead. Although The Tempest is ambivalent in promoting the colonial enterprise, it does show resentment toward colonialism by showing how Caliban detests the mistreatment of Prospero. By emphasizing Caliban’s dependency, Shakespeare seems to agree that the birth of colonization was not only due to the exploitative attitudes of the colonizer but in fact was partly due to the dependency of the natives on the superior others. The justification of colonialism is a conviction Shakespeare tries to embed in The Tempest. However, Shakespeare clearly shows that slavery is socially neither an appropriate nor acceptable relationship. Regardless of his dependency on superior others, Caliban dislikes all the inhuman treatment he got from Prospero. This mistreatment not only results in hatred but also leads Caliban to consider killing Prospero.

A Peaceful Getaway free essay sample

Leaves crunch under my feet as I trudge through the woods trying to find the best spot to set up my chair and take in nature. The air is cool and the breeze stings my face as it rushes by, causing the ferns to dance around me. The monstrous trees surrounding me are a blanket of comfort and peace. I take a deep breath and the sweet smell of pine and bark fill my nostrils. I glance to my left and see a small dead popple tree sticking out of the ground. It comes out easily as I give it a tug. The different grays and textures of the decaying tree are intricate and detailed. The base of it is covered in green moss which is soft and looks like grass growing from the tree. I put the tree back on the ground. My feet begin to get chilled and the wind bites at my bare ankles. We will write a custom essay sample on A Peaceful Getaway or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bending down to give them a rub, I notice dozens of little green plants. Each plant is unique. Some have little pink flowers, some have rounded leaves, and others are jagged. Looking up, and this time really taking in the nature around me, I suddenly realize how diverse the wilderness is. The little plants are barely noticeable amongst the tall towering poppel, pine, and oak trees throughout the forest. Among the lush greens of the forest are many dead trees and dried up leaves. So many grasses, trees, and flowers sprout from the decay of their fellow species. The dead stick I picked up had moss growing from it. My mind is blown to see both the living and the dead on one object. We are born, we grow, and one day die and return to part of the earth but our souls live on. From our death, new life sprouts and so on and so forth. My grandfather was a man of the land. He was an avid farmer and worked outside most of his life. He loved to be with the nature. My grandfather grew wheat, beans, and sugar beets. Everyday he would make sure everything was growing correctly and the plants were nourished. When he passed away we returned to Grafton for the funeral. I went to walk by his fields alone. I sat in the dirt and closed my eyes and in the wind I could hear his voice. He was at peace and at home. I knew then that he was living with the earth where he belonged watching over his children a nd grandchildren harvest the fields he once did. Sunlight escapes through openings that the pine trees provide and it is warm on my face. A small green plant, still wet from the morning dew, faces toward the sun basking in the light. It glistens as the sun shines, and my minds drifts into a state of tranquility. The very place I sit is allowing me to escape from the troubles and distractions of the day. The woods are silent; silent of modern day technology, silent of the busy hubbub of today’s lifestyle, and silent of the noises of cars and busy streets. In this silence the forest speaks to me. Instead of a phone ringing, the echo of a blue jay’s heartfelt song fills the quiet wood, leaves rustle brushing back and forth, touching each other as the wind disturbs their peace. Newly fallen leaves crunch under my feet as I trudge out of the forest and back into reality. The walk back is as beautiful as when I arrived. I feel calm and rejuvenated; sitting early in the morning doing nothing but gazing upon the beauty of this earth, and getting away from reality. I have a new sense of peace that makes me feel I can accomplish anything.

Definition of Yellow Journalism

Definition of Yellow Journalism Yellow Journalism was a term used to describe a particular style of reckless and provocative newspaper reporting that became prominent in the late 1800s. A famous circulation war between two New York City newspapers prompted each paper to print increasingly sensationalistic headlines designed to lure readers. And ultimately the recklessness of the newspapers may have influenced the United States government to enter the Spanish-American War. The competition in the newspaper business was occurring at the same as the papers began to print some sections, particularly comic strips, with colored ink. A type of quick-drying yellow ink was used to print the clothing of a comic character known as â€Å"The Kid.† And the color of the ink wound up giving a name to the raucous new style of newspapers. The term stuck to such an extent that â€Å"yellow journalism† is still sometimes used to describe irresponsible reporting. The Great New York City Newspaper War The publisher Joseph Pulitzer turned his New York City newspaper, The World, into a popular publication in the 1880s by focusing on crime stories and other tales of vice. The front page of the paper often featured large headlines describing news events in provocative terms. Pulitzer was known to hire editors who were particularly skilled at writing headlines designed to entice readers. And the style of selling newspapers at the time involved newsboys who would stand on street corners and yell out samples of headlines. American journalism, for much of the 19th century, had been dominated by politics in the sense that newspapers were often aligned with a particular political faction. In the new style of journalism practiced by Pulitzer, the entertainment value of the news began to dominate. Along with the sensational crime stories, The World also was known for a variety of innovative features, including a comics section that began in 1889. The Sunday edition of The World passed 250,000 copies by the end of the 1880s. In 1895 William Randolph Hearst bought the failing New York Journal at a bargain price and set his sights on displacing The World. He went about it in an obvious way: by hiring away the editors and writers employed by Pulitzer. The editor who had made The World so popular, Morill Goddard, went to work for Hearst. And Pulitzer, to battle back, hired a brilliant young editor, Arthur Brisbane. The two publishers and their scrappy editors battled for New York City’s reading public. Did a Newspaper War Provoke a Real War? The newspaper  style produced by Hearst and Pulitzer tended to be fairly reckless, and there’s no question that their editors and writers were not above embellishing facts. But the style of journalism became a serious national issue when the United States was considering whether to intervene against Spanish forces in Cuba in the late 1890s. Beginning in 1895, American newspapers inflamed the public by reporting on Spanish atrocities in Cuba. When the American battleship Maine exploded in the harbor at Havana on February 15, 1898, the sensationalist press cried out for vengeance. Some historians have contended that Yellow Journalism prompted the American intervention in Cuba which followed in the summer of 1898. That assertion is impossible to prove. But there’s no doubt that the actions of President William McKinley were ultimately influenced by the enormous newspaper headlines and the provocative stories about the destruction of the Maine. Legacy of Yellow Journalism The publication of sensationalistic news had roots stretching back in the 1830s when the famous murder of Helen Jewett essentially created the template for what we think of as tabloid news coverage. But the Yellow Journalism of the 1890s took the approach of sensationalism to a new level with the use of large and often startling headlines. Over time the public began to distrust newspapers which were obviously embellishing facts. And editors and publishers realized that building credibility with readers was a better long-term strategy. But the impact of the newspaper competition of the 1890s still lingered to some extent, especially in the use of provocative headlines. Tabloid journalism lived on in major American cities, especially in New York, where the New York Daily News and New York Post often battled to serve up engaging headlines. The tabloid headlines we see today are in some ways rooted in the newsstand battles between Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. And clickbait, the term for internet content designed to lure readers to click and read, has roots in the Yellow Journalism of the 1890s.

The impact of climate changes in the near future Essay

The impact of climate changes in the near future - Essay Example These policies include implementing and regulating the existing laws and coming up with new laws that preserve the environment for the future and will not cause further climate change (Moller, Fielder, Berthold, pp. 3, 2010). The temperature of the entire world has changed, and this has been attributed to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly the fossil fuel burning, which has led to an increase in global warming (Kernan, pp. vii, 2010). This global warming leads to a dramatic temperature change, which is forecast to change more so in the future. Numerous studies and researches have concluded that some areas will witness an increase in temperature, while others may experience a drop in temperature. The changes in precipitation rate will great impacts, which will harm the temperature in many regions even more so. Climate change brings dangerous consequences with it. There are numerous impacts on agriculture, forestry, fishers, and other environmental factor (Moller, Fielder, & Bertho ld, pp.3, 2010). An even more pressing concern is the impact on the ecological systems because of further climate changes. The paper attempts to explain the various impacts of climate change. However, first it describes the causes of this climate change briefly. A sharp focus is also important; therefore, analysis of a particular region will further enhance the extreme problem of climate change. Centuries had passed since the formation of the world when the globe did not witness any climate change. However, this was to change when humans discovered fossil fuels. The population on the world multiplied drastically. Industrial Revolution spurred off economic development, but with the opportunity cost of environmental damage. The environmental damage has resulted in the extreme climate change. The greenhouse effect is perhaps the largest factor in this climate change. In the words of Timoth Wirth, former US senator and Undersecretary of State for the Global Affairs, â€Å"The greenhous e effect is the most significant economic, political, environmental, and human problem facing the 21st century† (Hardy, 222, 2003). Other reasons also form part of this global climate change. However, the paper is more concerned with describing the details of the impact of climate change on nearly facet of life in the planet, Earth (Hardy, pp. ix, 2003). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has shed light on the reality of global warming. The Fourth Report summarized a finding, which stated that the mean temperature has shown an increase of 1 degree centigrade, in the northern part of the world. There have been large changes in the distribution of rainfall, resulting in more rain in winters and less in the summers. Melting of glaciers has induced the seal level to rise by almost 20 cm, which can have devastating impacts. Natural disasters such as droughts, floods, and cyclones have gotten increasingly common, because of rapid climate change. The above-mentioned impact s are mainly the most common ones; however, these are not the only ones (Kernan, pp. 1, 2010). In the recent decades, all sorts of doubts regarding the effect of greenhouse emissions on global climate have fallen off. Although the climate of the world has changed in six periods since the evolution of Earth, the climate change the world undergoes currently is widely â€Å"unnatural†, and backed largely because of human activities. Glacier melting in the Northern Alps,

Arab Springs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arab Springs - Essay Example These revolts began as protests in the streets by the citizens of each country after which the government would retaliate by using force to break them. This sparked more calls for these demonstrations, mainly using the popular social media sites such as Twitter and Facebook (Huang 1). Social media sites reported an increase in the usage of their sites by protesters to mobilize the masses across the major cities in the countries. The governments in Egypt, Libya and Tunisia limited Internet access and blocked the use of social media sites, but it was too late to change anything (Huang 1). In addition, citizens of these Middle East nations are continually frustrated by some of the following issues that are ignored, and feel that they need to be addressed. The first issue is to end aristocratic governance that most of them endure for decades, and need for more participation in the government by pushing for democratic participation, which the current regimes had been unwilling to provide. There is the need for a better life and more freedoms by the citizen in the countries. Countries such as Tunisia, Yemen, Jordan and Egypt experience high levels of unemployment and the rise in cost of living which the citizens find difficult. Their governments do little to address these issues forcing the population to devise other means of voicing their needs, which is through demonstrations. Because of the rule by a single party, these governments are faced with high levels of corruption and violation of the civil and human rights of the citizens. Therefore, there are many cases of police brutality towards the citizens and also denial of service by these governments to their citizens. Moreover, this was the case in Tunisia, where a man was harassed by the police while selling his goods. He later lit himself up in front of a municipal building after being frustrated by the officials sparking a series of protests across the country and later the Middle East region (Jones 1). The re sultant effect of the Arab Spring was felt in the whole region exceptionally fast; governments began to follow the Tunisian regime followed by the Egyptian government which gave power to the military. Additionally, the other governments, on realizing the reality of the situation in the region, began radically to change their policies and constitutions. The Saudi Arabian government, after a series of protests, decided to allow more freedom to their citizens in fear that the situation might escalate (Middle East Voices 1). Jordan, Bahrain, Libya and Syria’s governments faced mass protests that made them allow police to use force and weapons to break these protests. This brought about larger scale rebellions leading to deaths of citizens that made the United Nations and the European Union impose sanctions on them. Furthermore, this made the monarchs dissolve their parliaments and cabinets, and allowed the citizens more rights to participate in their governments and formulate pol icies that are meant to address their living conditions. Libya was the only nation that continued to use the force and refused to dissolve the government leading to the formation of rebel groups that attacked the pro-government army. This later escalated and forced United States and NATO to carry out air strikes on Libya government strongholds aiding in the ousting of the government (Middle East Voices 1). Yemen, being a strong ally of the United States administration, had agreed to work with the

Green sustainable supply chain

Green sustainable supply chain Environmental changes across the world have generated a movement to identify the causes of global warming and develop solutions to end it before it is too late. In an effort to achive this, many countries are creating laws and regulations with the specific aim to reduce carbon emissions and greenhouse gas effect. The truth is that environmental change is upon us. Not only do we have climate problems but we are also dealing with a resource depletion issue. With economies like India and China growing at double digit rates, the population of the world continues to grow creating shortages of many resources that we use to take for granted. Many consumers, stakeholders and businesses are becoming more involved in the growing green movement. Influenced by customer loyalty shifting towards environmentally friendly products, businesses are trying more and more to make their supply chains greener by introducing sustainability strategies throughout their organizations and supplier relationships. The recent focus on sustainability has resulted in a growing need for integrating environmentally safe choices into supply chain management practices. The concept Green Sustainable Supply Chain Management GSCM can be defined as the process of using environmentally friendly inputs and transforming them through change agents into outputs that can be reclaimed and re-used at the end of their lifecycle therefore, creating a sustainable supply chain. The whole idea of a sustainable supply chain is to reduce costs while helping the environment. 2. Sustainability and Profitability A Green Sustainable Supply Chain integrates ecological factors and supply chain management principles to identify the environmental impact of an organizations supply chain processes. Businesses are becoming aware of the importance of this integration to enable a sustainable business strategy. Many are now seeking out solutions and guidance on how to implement a sustainable supply chain. A sustainable supply chain should not be only optimal for the organization, but also optimal in terms of a limited environmental impact. The sustainable supply chain is no longer exclusively about green issues, but also about generating efficiencies and cost containment. As organizations restructure to reduce their companys environmental footprint, supply chains have become a key area of focus. Many people think that being environmentally friendly increases costs. In the past, most of the companies were focused on reducing unit costs. Only later, many companies could do the change and look instead at total landed costs with the on-set of global trade. Some companies also started looking at the usage costs with a piece of equipment- total cost of ownership TCO.   Sustainability is a tremendous weapon for companies to reduce their costs. There are many facets of the supply chain that could be improved by looking at it from a sustainability point of view. The consulting firm A.T. Kearney released an analysis of businesses submitting information to the Carbon Disclosure Project that finds more than half of them along with 25 percent of their suppliers are generating cost savings as a result of adopting sustainable supply practices. It is a major action because they believed that at least half of the carbon emissions attributable to some global companies are generated in their supply chains. The Carbon Disclosure Project 2011 Supply Chain Report, which covers 57 global companies and more than a thousand of their supply chain partners, shows that 86 percent of those companies derived value out of addressing their supply chain processes as part of a corporate sustainability initiative. PepsiCo. Is a very good example of this, A.T. Kearney reports that the company saved more than $60 million in energy -16% reduction per-unit across its beverage plants as the result of managing the carbon associated to those activities. Walter Todd, the vice president of operations for PepsiCo UK and Ireland, where many of these savings took place, says: â€Å"With a robust strategy and proven benchmarks in place, PepsiCo set out to engage and educate suppliers about potential opportunities to innovate their own operations. By providing suppliers access to the same energy assessment tools we use in our own operations, weve seen a mutual return on investment.† Pepsi-Co also saved around $44 million by switching from corrugated to reusable plastic shipping containers for bottles. Other major companies have also reported significant savings thanks to a sustainable supply chain strategy: Dell is saving over $20 million annually as a result of packaging improvements. They achieved its goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2008. One of Sherwin-Williams facilities reduced disposal costs from $95,000 to around $39,150 in less than two years through source reduction, refurbishment of metal containers, and recovery of fiber and steel. Texas Instruments is saving $8 million per year by reducing its transit packaging budget for semiconductor business by implementing source reduction, recycling and reusable packaging systems. Raymour Flanigan Furniture has saved more than 15 million pounds of waste after renovating a building to serve as a recycling center, now they have the capacity to prepare scrap polystyrene, plastic film, and cardboard for market. Commonwealth Edison generated $50 million in financial benefits from managing materials and equipment by taking a lifecycle management approach to production management. Dow Corning saved $2.3 million by using reconditioned steel drums in 1995 and conserved 7.8 million pounds of steel. It is interesting to notice how several companies have developed new revenue sources on the waste they used to throw out. If a sustainable supply chain can be developed, money can be saved by not having to dispose harmful by-products, reduce of obsolescence, decrease the spent on scrap and resources spent on complying its regulatory issues. Another key issue that sustainable companies are focusing on is the logistics and transportation of the product. A simple action such as filling the trucks as full as possible can represent significant savings; Dell has increased its average truck load and worked with UPS to optimize delivery strategies. Multinational company 3M has developed an innovative system to install adjustable decks in trucks.   By placing pallets on two levels they were able to reduce the number of daily truckloads by 40% and save around $110 k per year. Sustainability can be profitable. Improvements in transportation efficiency, operations, raw material selection and packaging are all in the top of the list of green sustainable supply chain initiatives. 3. Sustainability as a competitive advantage Greener supply chain management practices represent a competitive advantage thanks to the increasing customer awareness and regulatory norms. Across industries, there is also a shift in the focus of GSCM programs from compliance to creating value for customers and shareholders. The implementation of Green Supply Chain initiatives has evolved from strictly a compliance issue into a means of generating value. The following table shows how to create value out of traditional cost compliance, including environmental, safety and health business contributions. More and more companies are using sustainability as a competitive advantage to grow market share within their industry. A green supply chain usually pushes the organization towards an improvement of their products, processes, quality and productivity. It can also be considered as an enabler for innovative decisions and brand differentiation improvement. GE now has an Ecomagination program focused on growing their revenue stream from environmentally friendly products to around 20 billion dollars by 2011. They recognized the opportunity associated with saving the environment.   Nowadays many companies are offering customers environmentally produced power and charging a premium for that offering. The green initiatives also help a company to maintain and enlarge their customer portfolio. Environmental concern and social responsibility are now considered as an important part of a succesful business strategy. All competitors are under same market force to change their direction and priority towards a more green initiative, therefore, efforts and investments on this area are becoming more and more important. In addition, more countries will enforce importers to import green products to their nations with tax incentives and this will trigger the chances to do global business. In the same direction, new product development should not be only the responsibility of product design and engineering department; it should also include the fully team-work among marketing, engineering, procurement, logistics and materials operations in order to find the best solutions, like how to ship the products effectively, how to ensure that processes will not generate hazardous wastes and emissions to the environment, what green components can be purchased, what is the optimal packaging size and re-cycle materials to pack each prodcut, etc. In brief, companies have to consider the new product development process as part of the green supply chain strategy. The development, implementation and commitment of green supply strategy are not only to fulfill the customer needs; but also to meet general publics expectations to improve and enhance the role in social responsibility and environmental concerns. In exchange, the company will gain sustainable competitive advantage in the industry. 4. Sustainability and Suppliers Management One of the bigger issues facing companies these days is the actions of suppliers. Companies today are being held accountable for environmental or social problems created by their suppliers. Corporate buying practices can impact suppliers ability to improve their business conduct. Pressure on cost and efficiency can force suppliers to contravene some of their own standards in order to meet their customers commercial requirements. But as the opposite effect, companies can use their purchasing power to help install best practices in small and medium-sized companies. In fact, the companies that engage their suppliers around these issues constitute one of the most important drivers for spreading corporate green and sustainable principles around the world. Collaboration is the key. Many companies are performing environmental audits or implementing rules of conduct to check the actions of their suppliers. The most successful green efforts in supply chains are based on the creation of value by sharing with suppliers and subcontractors the intelligence and know-how about environmental and emerging regulatory issues and emerging technologies. Suppliers and customers can strengthen each others performance, share cost of ownership and social license to operate and create a reciprocal value. Supply chain sustainability must be driven by the originating manufacturers that rely on deep tiers of suppliers and vendors for their products. The reported supplier human rights and environmental violations done by Apples suppliers, is an example of the challenges that suppliers face in managing or influencing these issues on the ground. Apple recently did the right thing by transparently releasing its Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report, which underscored just how challenging and difficult multi-tiered supply chain management can be. GE and other multi-national companies- including Wal-Mart, Honeywell, Citibank and SABIC Innovative Plastics- have partnered to create the EHS Academy in Guangdong Chinese province. The objective of this non-profit venture is to create a better trained and capable workforce of environmental, health and safety professionals and give them the management, implementation and technical knowledge to be able to proactively ensure that real performance is sustainable and integrated fully into the overall business strategy and operating system of a company. Chinese regulatory agencies are also invited to participate as well. The model that GE is using in China offers a positive example of collaborative innovation. One of the main difficulties is the enforcing of supplier sustainability, spceially in growing economies like China or India. Only a small percentage of suppliers meet the requirements in the codes of conduct- including worker compensation and environmental requirements- of major multinational companies. There are still major challenges related to wages, working hours, overtime compensation, lack of unions and social insurance. One factor contributing to the difficulties is the high presence and mobility of migrant workers. 5. Green SCOR model Green SCOR incorporated within the SCOR framework can provide immense help by offering information on best practices, waste disposal process and metrics to increase the success of Green SCOR initiatives. It also provides environmental metrics that can be included in the calculations for optimizing the supply chain. GreenSCOR focuses on the impacts of SCM in each stage of the product life cycle. GreenSCOR integrates best practices and metrics into the entire supply chain planning process. It also enables a systematic study of the supply chain to unearth opportunities for making the supply chain greener. Best practices include collaborating with partners on environmental issues, reducing fuel and energy consumption and minimizing and reusing packaging. It also includes the metrics to measure the effects of greening, including carbon and the environmental footprint, emission costs per unit, energy costs as a percent of production costs, waste produced as a percent of production and returned products disposed of versus remanufactured. Processes to address waste management, such as how to collect and manage waste produced during production and testing (including scrap and non-conforming product). It also enables more efficient use of resources and increases the visibility of financial and operations benefits of supply chain practices. Lastly, the metrics can be effectively used to monitor the progress an organization is making towards a green supply chain. By implementing this model a company increases the chance of success of any green initiative. 6. Challenges when implementing a GSC Contrary to what many people could think, making a business sustainability operational within a supply chain is becoming easier, not harder. There is more information available from procurement managers, environmental directors, design engineers, marketing, communication staff and operations managers- among others- and this deffinitely makes a difference when a supply chain decides to go green. But still big challenges like the lack of information about the green supply chain practices and the lack of tools to optimize the supply chain with environmental management makes the implementation less easy. With the trend of global sourcing tracking the carbon footprint of finished products can be difficult; however, new initiatives have emerged for adopting the practice of requesting a carbon footprint from suppliers. Barriers to global trade because of the increasing environmental regulations, more restrictions on hazardous substances, bigger emphasis on lean manufacturing and increased supplier auditing and verification are creating the critical road toward new supply chain management expectations. The seek for efficiencies in supply chain management and producing products while reducing waste is a vital imperative in a recovering economy. Shareholder value, company valuations and possible mergers and acquisitions are affected by supply chain sustainability. This impacts cash management and liquidity, for example, carbon-intensive sectors may see an increase in the cost of capital. The World Resources Institute is working on the new supply chain and product lifecycle greenhouse gas protocols that will frame the new expectations of value chain sustainability accounting and reporting. Increased attention will be paid on conflict minerals, fair labor and other social aspects of sustainability, management of hazardous substances in toys and other consumer products. It is acknowledged by all organizations that the needs of the community are as important as those of other traditional stakeholders. Larger companies are identifying the critical supply chain partners that have the greatest product impact and collaboratively address the environmental and social footprint of their products through the value chain. Consumers will play a leading role behind greater supply chain collaboration. Consumer awareness about sustainability demands a more CO2-friendly supply of products and services. Other main challenge is in monitoring sub-supplier sustainability, this has become a tough task for companies with complex global supply chains.It is the responsibility of the direct suppliers to ensure that their sub-suppliers acknowledge, understand and accept the companies sustainable requirements. However, when a supply chain is long and complex, ensuring compliance at many thousands of sub-suppliers represents a major challenge. The future of sustainability will inevitably include the sustainability of entire supply chains, not just direct suppliers One example of this recently has been Dells use of bamboo in its packaging. The company worked to secure Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification for its entire bamboo supply chain, from forest to manufacturing. The packaging is still a small percentage of Dells overall packaging needs, but it is a start. Another example could be IKEA, according to their sustainability annual report, the company is moving in the right direction. Although the company they fell short of its goal of having 30% of its solid wood sourced from verified responsibly managed forests, they are working actively to increase the number, especially in China and Russia. The company has a team of nine forestry specialists who are dedicated to the two countries and is working towards certifying forests which are closer to the production facilities of IKEAs suppliers. IKEA has the goal of having 35% of its solid wood sourced from certified forests by 2012. If companies are not able to manage product compliance such as regulatory norms, they can suffer business interruptions such as product redesigns, delayed market launches, product returns and recalls. Therefore, effective lifecycle management is a key differentiator for short-term as well as long-term to get an advantage and stable position in the market. Suuply chain network and logistics optimization is also key when implementing a GSC, inefficient transportation methods represent a significant part of the ecological problem. It has been illustrated by a recent report that found that as much as 75 per cent of a companys carbon footprint comes from transportation and logistics alone.Transportation management includes load consolidation and route planning to drive cost savings and reduction of environmental impact. Another important challenge is related to establish a reverse logistics network that supports life cycle design and demanufacturing processes. Producers are required to meet specific targets for material recycling and recovery, relative to the total amount of packaging that they have put into the marketplace. This helps to shift the responsibility for collecting packaging and end of life products from local government to producers. Reverse logistics manages the handling and disposition of returned goods, improving a companys ability to put returned goods back on the market. Companies implementing reverse logistics processes can dramatically reduce the waste going into landfills and increase opportunities to reintroduce products to market. Xerox implemented a reverse logistics solution and achieved huge financial benefits of equipment remanufactured and parts reuse amounting representing over $100 million and reduced the waste from landfills. Another important point is the ability to simulate the unpredictable events in the supply chain network flow and evaluate the supply network design frequently. Companies need to work esigning optimum supply chain networks for sustainability incorporating criteria like fuel usage and carbon emissions. Process optimization is another challenge; companies should improve the synchronization of production with customer demand and supplier capacity. The main areas of green manufacturing are reduction in energy, water consumption, waste and emissions that are part of manufacturing processes. And the last challenge I will include is the green reporting, measuring and reporting the environmental impact is the first step towards reducing them. There are direct benefits to organizations from measuring and reporting as because it gives a better understanding of the risks and exposure. Globally, sustainability and environmental reporting are becoming one of the most important management concerns due to increasing pressures of legislation as well as other initiatives. The challenge remains to quantify and report the emission and environmental footprints. It can be a time consuming and costly process that requires extraction of data from multiple systems and manipulating it to arrive at required reports. 7. Findings and conclusions Economic activity has an impact on the environment and the society; industries need to conmsider this into their business operations and costs. It is becoming critical to measure and manage the environmental and social impact of activities and procesess across the supply chain. Green practices and a sustainable supply chain have become a necessity due to both regulatory obligations and economic benefits, yes; a green supply chain can help a company to discover hidden sources of profitability. Increasingly the companies are giving more importance to sustainability to promote loyalty of customers, who are getting more aware about the socio-ecological implications of businesses. A green sustainable supply chain enables business to improve products, process and supply quality and productivity. It also pushes the company to make innovative decisions that respond to green economy requirements, by doing this, companies gain access to key markets through diverse certifications. By using a model such as GreenSCOR incorporated in SCOR version 9, the chances of success in any green initiatives increases. Some key success factors and reccomendations in the implementation of a green sustainable supply chain were identified: Stakeholders should be actively engaged in the sustainability strategies of the business. Green initiatives should be aligned with the strategic objectives of the company. GSCM Best Practices should be adopted when implementing a green supply chain. Technology and models such as SCOR should be used to enable the green initiatives. The company should boost its responsiveness to the expectations of the consumer. Green practices should be designed for minimal environmental impact, focussing the efforts to reduce packaging and in-transit damage when shipping. Planning and inventory management should pay special attention to reducing inventory and identifying optimal distribution solutions. Transportation solutions should be improved by collaboration. Procurement departments should perform lifecycle analysis for choosing products or solutions to minimize environmental impact. Suppliers relationship management should include the regular monitoring of suppliers and sub-suppliers sustainability. Benefits should be extended to the local community, as starting point.

Separation of Church and State in Latin America Essay -- Religion Gove

Separation of Church and State in Latin America Throughout Latin American history, the Roman Catholic Church has played a tumultuous role, from passive "soul saving" to aggressive revolutionary actions. As the countries have turned toward democracy the Catholic Church has had to recognize that along with modernization comes the promotion of two democratic ideals: the separation of Church and State and the endorsement of secularization. While many countries are still working toward a separation of Church and State, Costa Rica, a long-time democratic country, has continued to recognize Roman Catholicism as the official religion of the country and to look to church and clergy for support. Though the Costa Rican Church is removed from the political spotlight, it has not backed down from its doctrine and goals, and the Church and State have created a unique relationship that seems to benefit all peoples. Although the Catholic Church has varied somewhat throughout different parts of the world, the fundamental doctrines regarding social and behavioral expectations have remained relatively untouched. The ideals of tradition and purity still resound within the walls of Catholic churches everywhere. Catholicism is a religion based on ritual with precise words that are to be recited at every mass, baptism, communion, confession, and marriage ceremony. The only ingredient a good Catholic needs in order to share in these traditions and gifts of God is faith. Fortunately, the Church has formulated a number of rules to guide its followers down the difficult path to true faith. Like most Christian religions, the Catholic faith centers its beliefs on the Bible and the teachings of the early Church fathers. Certain parables are extracted ... ... Harold D. ed. Costa Rica: A Country Study, United States Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1983 Peeler, John A. Latin American Democracies, The University of North Carolina Press, 1985 Pope John Paul II. Opening Address at the Puebla Conference. January 28, 1979 Schall, James V. Liberation Theology, Ignatius Press, San Francisco, 1982 Szulc, Tad. Pope John Paul II: The Biography, Scribner, New York, 1995 Tapscott, Stephen ed. Twentieth-Century Latin American Poetry, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1996 Wesson, Robert. Politics, Policies, and Economic Development in Latin America, Hoover Institution Press, Stanford, California, 1984 Winn, Peter. Americas: The Changing Face of Latin America and The Caribbean, Pathean Books, New York, 1992 The Merriam Webster Dictionary, Merriam Webster Incorporated, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1994

Comparison of Conrad’s and Achebe’s Presentation of Africans

Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, both take place in the heart of Africa and center around the idea of colonialism held by the European powers in 19th century. The differences between the two novels are ironically as apparent as â€Å"black† and â€Å"white†. As we begin to think about why Conrad and Achebe have used so different tones on such a similar subject, we feel like we are solving a mystery plot. While reading Heart of Darkness we feel as if we are led through a never ending, dark, damp, gloomy and stinky corridor and the novel ends in an atmosphere which is darker, gloomier and filled with hostile people or maybe creatures. After reading Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, immediately our minds revert to a nearby region in Africa, to Umuofia, and we begin to think whether Nigeria is on the same continent as Congo, and if these dark creatures staring at the boat from the riverbank, are really related to Obierika, or even to the never smiling Okonkwo, who are in our minds sharing palm-wine and breaking kola seeds. Conrad’s and Achebe’s different approach to the themes of â€Å"voice of Africans†, â€Å"presentation of colonizers† and the â€Å"effects of colonialism† distinguish the two works from each other. The voice and presence of Africans differ clearly in two works because Conrad is looking through the perspective of the colonizer and Achebe, from that of the colonized. As stated in the introduction, Conrad has been dreaming of seeing the â€Å"dark continent† since childhood and has managed to go to Congo with the ambition to explore it. Marlow, just like Conrad, has always had the interest in maps and he decides to go to this journey after seeing Congo’s map on a shop window. As Marlow says when he is telling his story, â€Å"It had ceased to be a blank space of delightful mystery- a white patch for a boy to dream gloriously over. It had become a place of darkness,† (p 22) we can realize that the mysterious land he was expecting to see didn’t end up being enjoyable and frightened him. We know that when Conrad first travelled to Congo, he was actually shocked with what he saw; but although he was surprised and horrified, he thought all the savage acts of white men as a part of reality and a necessity to keep this colony functioning. The way he refers to natives as â€Å"black things†, â€Å"criminals† or â€Å"unhappy savages† with no indication of pain in his feelings shows that, as a â€Å"civilized† European who is a stranger to this new land, he convinces himself very easily to the idea that the Africans should be treated as â€Å"savages†. When he sees a young African reclining against a tree with sunken eyes, waiting for his death, it is not his condition that strikes him the most but he is more interested in where he might have found the white thread tied around his neck. Also when he admits to himself that the accountant had â€Å"verily accomplished something difficult† (p 37) by teaching a native woman to do the station tasks, we once again understand that he doesn’t see them as of his equal and in some sense regard them as primitive beings with no intellect. Even if Conrad, as a writer who has become a citizen of Great Britain, one of the leader countries of colonialism, regards all the atrocities in Congo as dark memories, he does not help the African voice to be heard and does not provide any chance for an African to express himself properly, except a native’s words, â€Å"Mistah Kurtz, he dead! † (p 112) On the other hand, Achebe is no stranger to this land. He is in fact one of the dark mysterious figures, watching Marlow's boat, sailing up the river. Naturally he has a very different story to tell. In Heart of Darkness, we are given a surreal view about the Africans. On the contrary, Achebe's success, is presenting them as human beings, with names, no different in characters and in feelings than other people living in any part of the world. Although their customs might sometimes seem inexplicable to us, such as the oracle ordering Ikemefuna to be killed for no reason and villagers following his order, they still carry the same feelings any person would. After Ikemefuna’s death, Okonkwo who has loved him like his own child, cannot taste anything for two days because of his sorrow. Similarly, after Okonkwo is exiled from the clan, Okonkwo’s friends destroy Okonkwo’s barn and hut as part of a tradition with no hatred in their hearts. But later on Obierika, Okonkwo’s best friend who was among those people, questions his friend’s punishment. Even though the Africans presented in Things Fall Apart identify themselves with their culture and have to follow the rules set by their ancestors, they always show the reactions expected from any person. These people share the same concerns, affections and flaws as every â€Å"human being† whereas Conrad, chooses to present them as primitive creatures or rather dark threats. As the boat sails on the river in Heart of Darkness, we are reminded of Jules Verne's Journey to the Center of the Earth where in similar dark surroundings, the scientists encounter extinct creatures whereas in Things Fall Apart, we get a chance to observe the richness of the Ibo culture and look at Africans from an objective point of view. The comparison of how the colonizers are presented in two novels portrays clearly the recurring opposition between â€Å"civilization and wilderness†. This time, Conrad, openly displays the sinister intentions of the colonizers, their greed more openly than Achebe. When the reader is told about how experienced agent Kurtz is in collecting ivory, how cruelly the Africans are used as labor force and are forced to work until they become exhausted, wear out and starve to death, it is seen that the so-called â€Å"civilizing† mission of the colonizers is actually destroying the Africans. We understand clearly that the colonizers are after wealth, which in fact does not belong to them. Moreover, in both works, there is the irony about the colonizers, who are supposed to be representing â€Å"civilization† but instead acting way more primitively than the colonized Africans who are considered as â€Å"savages†. In Heart of Darkness, Mr. Kurtz who is admired and even worshipped by the Europeans, is collecting the heads of the natives and performing very brutal actions to acquire his ivory. Company Doctor’s comment stating that any change the men undergo in Congo is internal (p 27), is a foreshadowing to the transition Kurtz goes through in the jungle. â€Å"Wilderness† has changed him; he is no longer a member of a civilized society having lived together with the natives in wilderness. Also, when the Manager claims that Kurtz’s â€Å"methods are unsound† (p 101), we start questioning the accuracy of the Manager’s own methods. The company responsible for extracting ivory is operating under a hierarchy, with many business principles so since Kurtz is a part of this chain, it can be argued that the methods of the colonizers are also as â€Å"unsound† as Kurtz’s. When Marlow agrees with the Manager and says that he sees no method at all in Kurtz’s actions, we can understand how Kurtz, as a colonizer has separated himself from civilized methods. Therefore, there is the contrast in between his reputation as a remarkable agent among colonizers, and his denial to play the game by the rules of a civilized society. On the other hand, the colonizers in Achebe's Things Fall Apart, are given a more humane approach. They, like the natives are described as ordinary people whom you can meet on the street, in your everyday life. Their most apparent feature are their arrogance and in fact their lack of knowledge and understanding. Achebe also emphasizes the irony about Africans turning out to be more civilized than the colonizers in many ways. When there is a confrontation between missionaries and Africans caused by Mr.  Smith, the new intolerant leader of the church, Ajofia’s words, â€Å"We cannot leave the matter in his hands because he does not understand our customs, just as we do not understand his. We say he is foolish because he does not know our ways, and perhaps he says we are foolish because we do not know his,† (p191) show that in fact the villagers are wiser, more mature and more â€Å"civilized† in way of thinking than the colonizers. Africans can accept to be wrong in certain points, whereas the colonizers disregard anything outside their own agenda. Even if Heart of Darkness gives us a better opinion about the cruel and uncivilized characters of the colonizers, Achebe also portrays the destruction of African villages so dramatically that in general, we can say that both works demonstrate the corrupted souls of the colonizers effectively. The destructive effects of colonialism are presented both by Achebe and Conrad, but Conrad does not bring up the criticism of colonizing a country, whereas Achebe underlines its tragic results clearly. At the time Heart of Darkness was published, there were many people in the world who thought that there was nothing wrong with colonialism and in fact it was the right move to take for a powerful country. It was believed by many that the natives were nothing but savages. Therefore, what Conrad says about colonialism, is well ahead of his time, but still the argument of whether he had to go along with the idea of seeing natives as â€Å"dark savages† , is of course questionable. From the beginning of the novel, Conrad shows the suffering caused by colonization through Marlow’s observations. We see natives each having an iron collar on their neck, all connected together by chains, empty paths that were used to belong to villages in which the population had cleared out. All these unpleasant images show the devastating results of colonialism but since Marlow, who experiences these brutalities with his own eyes, does not reach to the conclusion that all these are a result of human greed, it is not possible to say that Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is a direct critique of colonialism. However Achebe, having lived in a colonized country, knows what it feels like to have lived under the command of others. He intentionally emphasizes the presence of a government, besides the church and shows that the white man, does not only want to convert the natives to Christianity or take away their ivory and gold but also wants to rule them. Achebe does not hesitate to show how Okonkwo’s own people, although they might not be from his own clan, have joined the colonizers and are serving them as their messengers. When the messengers tell the villagers that they should pay a fine of two hundred and fifty cowries to release the several arrested men from the clan including Okonkwo, they plan to keep the fifty cowries for themselves and give the rest to the district commissioner who had initially decided on the fine as two hundred cowries. As it is seen, colonialism has not only caused the suffering of many Africans but also it created such a corruption that the people of the same land ended up betraying and fighting against each other. Even if both writers have based their story on the terrible outcomes of colonization, Achebe, as a representative of the African voice emphasizes the moral tragedy that leads to the formation of a chain of never-ending treasons between Africans. Colonization may work for the benefits of the colonizers, but for those who are being colonized, it gives only suffering, death, loss of identities, in short destruction and humiliation. The general attitude displayed by the colonizers, in justifying their actions, is their claims of bringing civilization to savages, faith and order to cannibals, technology or health care to the poor or ignorant. The fact that Heart of Darkness, begins on the river Thames, right in the heart of London, the river described as calm and beautiful, and moves into Congo river, its waters rough, full of dangers, dark, threatening, offering nothing but unexpected and unknown menaces, shows us the exact mentality of the colonizers, as they view Europe and Africa. It is a clear account of how they believe that, their civilization is superior, giving them the right to expand their interests to wherever they see fit. A boat trip on the Congo River, according to them, is a measuring device which will reveal how primitive the Africans are. The further you travel, the degree of primitivism rises. Just as Thames River is the antithesis of Congo River or Africa, with Conrad, Achebe's characters show that the Africans are not subhuman or part of a different species, but are members of the human race with their flaws and virtues. Achebe's last words in Things Fall Apart are â€Å"The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger†, the name of the commissioner’s book, is the very cliche colonial powers live by. It is in fact the most tragic ending to these sad stories of shattered lives, erased cultures and a whole continent torn apart, by colonialism.